Born on 18 January 2002 in Munich (Germany), Adeyemi came through the youth system at Bayern Munich (2010 to 2012) and Unterhaching.

In 2018, he left his home country for Austria, joining Red Bull Salzburg. Adeyemi continued with the development side FC Liefering once at the Austrian club before breaking into the first team during the 2019/20 season. On 1 December that season, he scored his first goal in the UEFA Champions League against Lokomotiv Moscow.

His performances in the 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons saw him considered as a player with one of the brightest futures at the time. He won three league titles and three cups while in Austria. He was top scorer in the 2021/22 league season with 19 goals, and was also named in the league team of the season.

In summer 2022, Adeyemi returned to Germany, joining Borussia Dortmund. marking his mark there very quickly. In fact, he received the award for best new player of the 2022/23 season. While at Dortmund, he was part of the side coached by Terzic that notably reached the 2023/24 Champions League final.

After the end of the 2025/26 season, he brought his spell in yellow and black to an end after 146 appearances, featuring 36 goals and 25 assists, to sign for FC Barcelona.

On the international stage, he played for the youth teams and won the 2021 U21 European Championships. He made his full debut on 5 September 2021 when Hansi Flick was coach, scoring his first goal in a 6-0 win against Armenia. Flick also called him up for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.